Types of Solar Panels

All types of solar panels convert the radiant energy from the sun into renewable electrical energy for use in residential, commercial and industrial applications. Solar panels are also called photovoltaic panels or photovoltaic modules because the energy generated by these panels comes from the photovoltaic effect.

There are three existing types of photovoltaic cells – monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous. It must be emphasized that each one will deliver the same amount of power as measured in watts, all other factors being equal, with the main differences being the silicon structure and the amount of space each panel will occupy. Thus, a 100-watt monocrystalline solar panel will generate the same output as the other two types of solar panels with the same 100-watt capacity.

Each type of solar panel has its pros and cons that must be carefully considered before deciding on its installation. Keep in mind that solar energy systems in the home are investments in their own right in terms of time, effort and money especially when it is a do-it-yourself project. In many instances, mistakes can be costly, thus, negating the goal of savings on electricity costs.

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Considered as the workhorses by the commercial solar power market, monocrystalline solar panels are the most efficient, the most durable and the dependable among all three types. However, these are also the most expensive among all types of solar panels because of their complex manufacturing process wherein each module is made up of a single silicon crystal instead of fused layers of multiple crystals. These panels are characterized by rounded cells in colors from black to iridescent blue, which are then stacked in a uniform manner.

Because of their expensive costs, monocrystalline solar panels are not the first choice among homeowners with a set budget for conversion to solar energy in the house. But if a homeowner can afford the purchase cost, the benefits in terms of energy efficiency more than make up for the initial expenses since more wattage per square foot can be generated, all other factors like sun exposure being equal.

Among all the types of solar panels, monocrystalline panels are also the best choice when space is of significant concern. The average 175-watt panel is relatively small with dimensions of 63″x31″x1″ with an average weight of 33 pounds on an aluminum frame. The average lifespan of 25 to 50 years for monocrystalline panels are point points in their favor. But these favorable dimensions have its glaring disadvantage, namely, extremely fragile panels that require a rigid mounting.

Also, monocrystalline panels are also subject to a reduction in output once sunlight temperature reaches 50 degrees Celsius. On average, reductions can reach 12 to 15 percent, which is still lower than the rate seen in polycrystalline cells. Still, such reduction must be considered in the determination of the best solar energy system for the home.

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

The only one of the three types of solar panels made from multiple crystals fused together into a single block, polycrystalline panels have a characteristic mosaic look with square-shaped panels. The result is that each module looks like it was made from different crystals, which is unlike the smooth and even look of monocrystalline panels and the thin appearance of amorphous panels. But take note that it is not the appearance by which solar panels must be solely by – other factors like cost, ease of installation, and energy efficiency must always be considered.

The main advantage of polycrystalline modules from the other two types of solar panels is their affordable cost in comparison with the other two kinds of photovoltaic panels. In general, each panel will cost from $8.5 to $10 per watt with each panel offering an average of 12 percent conversion efficiency, which means that only about 12 percent of the solar radiation hitting the panels will be converted to usable electricity. Thus, for every square meter of polycrystalline panel exposed to full and direct sunlight for 8 hours will produce a minimum of 120 watts and a maximum of 125 watts of power.

Such lesser energy efficiency of polycrystalline panels is offset by their notable advantages that have made these panels popular in many homes. These panels are also known for their longevity and durability, which many experts have likened to their monocrystalline counterparts, as well as for their ease of installation. So, if you are looking at many types of solar panels for your renewable energy conversion, consider the many advantages of polycrystalline modules.

Amorphous Solar Panels

The amorphous solar panels are considered the future of photovoltaic panel technology because of the combination of advanced features at affordable cost. The unique manufacturing process and materials used in amorphous solar panels make for excellent utility, versatility and durability, all of which are qualities that solar energy enthusiasts are raving about.

So, how unique is the amorphous panel from the two other types of solar panels mentioned above? These panels are composed of two layers – conductive silicon and a solid glass plate – although the panel itself is divided into several sections of individual solar cells. The result of such layers is the dark brown appearance on the side facing the sun and a silvery appearance on the conductive side with several thin parallel lines across the surface.

Amorphous solar panels have several advantages. As previously mentioned, these are cheaper to manufacture and, hence, come with the most affordable price tag. These panels are also less susceptible to breakage, take up less space and provide for durable frame with many households even opting for roofing material made entirely of amorphous panels.

However, like all types of solar panels, these amorphous modules also have their fair share of disadvantages. For one thing, the energy efficiency is significantly lower – at only 6 percent conversion rate – than the monocrystalline and polycrystalline modules. For another thing, such an already low efficiency rate can go lower in time.

The first step in converting from main grid to partial or complete off grid solar energy system is to assess the pros and cons of the three types of solar panels. Costs from purchase to installation and maintenance as well as energy efficiency must be carefully considered so as to come up with the best possible solar energy system for your own household use.